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\n<\/strong>
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\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629
\n<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a (Friedrichs 1998, p.1) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a
\n<\/span><\/strong>
\n“\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629. \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a.” (Smets\/Salman 2008, p. 6)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u062e. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 1) \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u064a\u063a\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n

“\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 (Ratcliffe 2002, pp. 23, 30-33; Robinson, 2002, p. 96) \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646) \u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633” (Smets\/Salman 2008, p. 5).<\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629: “\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a” (Sager 2011, p. 3) \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. “\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a (Massey and Denton, 1993)” (Musterd 2006, p. 5).<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 1) \u0644\u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b: “\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a” (Musterd<\/span> 2006, p. 1<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

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\n<\/span><\/strong>
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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 (Friedrichs 1998, p. 1) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong>
\n\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u0651\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629 3 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0644\u0651 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n

\u2022 Smets, P. and Salman, T. (2008): Countering urban segregation: theoretical and policy innovations from around the globe, Urban Studies 45 (7) 1307-1332.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Ratcliffe, P. (2002): Theorising ethnic and \u201aracial\u2018 exclusion in housing, in: Summerville, P. and Steele, A. (Ed.), Race, housing and social exclusion, London.
\n\u2022 Robinson, D. (2002): Missing the target? Discrimination and exclusion in the allocation of social housing, in: Summerville, P. and Steele, A. (Ed.), Race, housing and social exclusion, London.
\n\u2022 Musterd, S. (2006): Segregation, urban space and the resurgent city, in: Urban Studies 43 (8), 1325-1340.
\n\u2022 Massey, D. S. and Denton, N. A. (1993): American Apartheid, Cambridge, MA.
\n\u2022 Sager, L. (2011): Residential segregation and socioeconomic neighborhood sorting: evidence at the micro-neighborhood level for migrant groups in Germany, in: Urban Studies 29 (12), 2617-2623.
\n\u2022 M\u00fcnch, S. (2009): \u201eIt\u2019s all in the mix\u201c constructing ethnic segregation as a social problem in Germany, in: Journal of Housing and the Built Environ 2009 (24): 441-455.
\n\u2022 GdW (Ed.). (1998): \u00dcberforderte Nachbarschaften. Zwei sozialwissenschaftliche Studien \u00fcber Wohnquartiere in den alten und den neuen Bundesl\u00e4ndern im Auftrag des GdW, Schriften 48.
\n\u2022 Friedrichs, J. (1998): Ethnic segregation in Cologne, Germany, 1984-94, Urban Studies 35 (10), 1745-1763.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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[.This article is published jointly in partnership with Jadaliyya<\/a>]<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":773,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[84],"class_list":["post-770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cost-of-war","tag-syria-refugees-germany-eu"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 - Salon Syria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salonsyria.com\/\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 - Salon Syria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u0651\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salonsyria.com\/\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Salon Syria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/salonsyria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-05T11:31:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-09-27T10:36:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.salonsyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Syrian_refugees-Germany.-1024x683.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ghiath Al Jebawi\" \/>\n<meta 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