{"id":5127,"date":"2019-09-17T00:02:06","date_gmt":"2019-09-17T04:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/salonsyria.com\/?p=5127"},"modified":"2019-09-18T11:41:32","modified_gmt":"2019-09-18T15:41:32","slug":"%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b5%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%88%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.salonsyria.com\/en\/%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b5%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%88%d8%b3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062f 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Taylor \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a><sup>)<\/sup>. \u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u061b \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0633\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637: \u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a><sup>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a><sup>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 &#8220;\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0629&#8221;<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a><sup>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629(Khatib<em>, More Religious, 54<\/em>).<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646: <em>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u200f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f<\/em>\u060c 2018: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.infosalam.com\/syria\/syria-studies\/fallacy-assad-regime-secular\">http:\/\/www.infosalam.com\/syria\/syria-studies\/fallacy-assad-regime-secular<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a>([2])\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0Hans Kohn, <em>Geschichte der nationalen Bewegung im Orient<\/em>, Berlin 1928.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a>([3])\u00a0\u00a0 \u064a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0641\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: &#8220;\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0647: \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c 1978\u0640 \u062c1\u060c \u0635175. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 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\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635176.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a>([4]) Durkheim, Emile 1995 (1912): <em>The Elementary Forms of Religious Life<\/em>. Translated and with an Introduction by Karen E. Fields. New York: The Free Press (Simon &amp; Schuster), P.41.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a>([5])\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 (ebda, P.41): &#8220;<em>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a [\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0640&#8221;<strong>\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629<\/strong>&#8220;<\/em>&#8220;<em>[\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u064a]<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a>([6])\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646) Commins, David 1990, <em>Islamic Reform Politics and Social Change in Late Ottoman Syria<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a>([7])\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a>([8])\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/13530526\">https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/13530526<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><\/a>([9])\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">Pierret, Thomas (2013): <em>Religion and State in Syria The Sunni Ulama from Coup to Revolution<\/em>, Cambridge Middle East Studies, P. 184f.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a>([10])\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631: <em>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/em>: <a href=\"http:\/\/alaalam.org\/ar\/religion-ar\/item\/321-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1\">http:\/\/alaalam.org\/ar\/religion-ar\/item\/321-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645-\u0641\u064a-\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627-\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f-\u0641\u064a-\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><\/a>([11])\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">Taylor, Charles (2007): <em>A Secular Age<\/em>, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><\/a>([12])\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">Khatib, Line (2011): <em>Islamic Revivalism in Syria<\/em>: <em>The Rise and Fall of Ba&#8217;thist Secularism<\/em>, Routledge.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><\/a>([13])\u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">Khatib, Line (2016): <em>More Religious, yet still Secular? The Shifting Relationship Between the Secular and the Religious in Syria<\/em>, Syria Studies 8 (1), 40-65.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><\/a>([14])Taylor, Charles (2011): <em>Western Secularity<\/em>in: <em>Rethinking Secularism,<\/em>eds. Craig Calhoun, Mark Juergensmeyer, and Jonathan Van Antwerpen, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, P.38<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><\/a>\u00a0([15])\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZczHkDXKrHg&amp;t=11s\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZczHkDXKrHg&amp;t=11s<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><\/a>([16])\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><\/a>\u00a0([17])\u00ab\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \/\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\/ \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb 17.04.2013: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.presidentassad.net\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1112:17-2013&amp;catid=305&amp;Itemid=469\">http:\/\/www.presidentassad.net\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1112:17-2013&amp;catid=305&amp;Itemid=469<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><\/a>([18])\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\"><\/a>([19])\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00bb\u00a0 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ar\/%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/a-2851007\">https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ar\/\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a-\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a-\u0636\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627-\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645-\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\/a-2851007<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 )\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (November 08, 2011) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u00ab\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 23 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646\u00bb (Interview with Syrian Grand Mufti &#8216;Assad Could Step Down After Free Elections, on: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/world\/interview-with-syrian-grand-mufti-assad-could-step-down-after-free-elections-a-796363.html\">https:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/world\/interview-with-syrian-grand-mufti-assad-could-step-down-after-free-elections-a-796363.html<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8216;)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\"><\/a>([20])\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u064a\u0646&#8221;: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/ar\/arab-and-world\/syria\/2013\/03\/11\/%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88-%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1.html\">https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/ar\/arab-and-world\/syria\/2013\/03\/11\/\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a-\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627-\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639-\u0639\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645-\u0641\u0631\u0636-\u0639\u064a\u0646-\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648-\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0631.html<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/42C7FF01-3BF9-4C3B-AA1D-361052F6E6A6#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\"><\/a>([21])<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1GfL-9dVxQU\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1GfL-9dVxQU<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>*\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 &#8220;\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 &#8220;\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0643\u062a&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8220; \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":201,"featured_media":5154,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,1],"tags":[21,1078,1080,1081,1079,1077],"class_list":["post-5127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-roundtables","category-1","tag-syria","tag-1078","tag-1080","tag-1081","tag-1079","tag-1077"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062f 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